Finals

-a Like "a" as in "father" (American pronunciation) .

-ai Like the "-y" in "sky. " -00 ,Like "ow" in "how."

-an Like "-an" in "Juan. "

-ang Like "a" (as in "father" ) +. -ng.

-e Like "uh" m English, similar to the " u " in "under. "

-ei Like" -ay" as in "day. "

-en Like "un" in "under ", but with the vowel a little higher and. further forward.

-eng Like "-ung" as in "hung. "

-i Usually pronounced as "ee" as in "he. "

But after c/s/z and ch/sh/zh/r it is pronounced as a short vowel, similar to "i" in" it. "

-ia Like "ya" (a Swedish "yes" ).

-ie Sounds like the "ye" in "yet.

-iu Like "yo. " -iao Like "yow ."

-in About halfway between "-een " as In "green" and "-in" as in "pin. "

-ing Like English "ing", but the first sound a little higher and longer.

-ian Like "yen. " -iang Like "yang", rhyming with "-ang" above.

-iong Like "ong" (below), but preceded by a "y. "

-0 Like "wo . "Lips do not close as the sound IS made; instead they open further.

-ou Like "0" as in "go" (American pronunciation) , lips closing slightly at end of sound.

-ong " ou" + "ng." No corresponding sound in English, but not difficult to make.

-u Usually pronounced "00" as in "you.

But after jlq/x and sometimes nil it 1S pronounced as an umlaut "u" (0).

-ua Like "wa" as in "water. "

-ui Like "way. "

-uo Like "woe."

-uai Like the "wi-" m "wild", or like the word " why" (with no "h")

-uan Usually like "uan" in "Juan."

But if preceded by y/jlq/x this is pronounced like "-en" in "when. "

-uang Like "wang," rhyming with "-ang" above.

-0 Like the umlaut "u" in German and French, a combination “eee” an “000”.(Make an "eee" sound with your jaw, and then round your lips for an "000" without moving your jaw. )

-ue "-0" + "e" as in "wet."

-un "-0" + "n. "